rCOS: A refinement calculus for object systems

This article presents a mathematical characterization of object-oriented concepts by defining an observation-oriented semantics for a relational objectoriented language with a rich variety of features including subtypes, visibility, inheritance, type casting, dynamic binding and polymorphism. The language is expressive enough for the specification of object-oriented designs and programs. We also propose a calculus based on this model to support both structural and behavioral refinement of object-oriented designs. We take the approach of the development of the design calculus based on the standard predicate logic in Hoare and He’s Unifying Theories of Programming (UTP). We also consider object reference in terms of object identity as values and mutually dependent methods

日本の早期開教におけるポルトガル商人の役割

The arrival of St. Francisco Xavier, founder of the Japan\u27s Jesuits, in Kagoshima in 1549 opened a brand-new chapter in Japan\u27s Christian missionary history. After that, countless Jesuits in Japan exerted their utmost efforts to the Jesuits\u27 mission and stamped their names on the page of missionary history. By their efforts, the influence of the Jesuits was successfully expended to Bungo, Hakata, Hirado and Kyushu. Nevertheless, all the while, there were few studies on the history of that period, to say nothing of the studies on Xavier and his multitudinous advocators, without whose supporting, his glorious achievements would be impossible. This year is the anniversary of Xavier\u27s 500-year birth. As a reason, it is of great significance to make a chart of the initial history of Japan\u27s Jesuits which is three dimensional and profound

隠喩の認知語用論的解釈を目指してー伝統修辞学の解釈と比較してー

As a rhetoric method, metaphor has been a hot topic in philosophic and linguistic research for a long time. The metaphor study used to be limited in the scope of rhetoric before and it was studied from the viewpoint of rhrtoric. It was also looked as a kind of figurative method that existed in vocabulary or sentence and was opposed to the simile. But now the metaphor study has been extended from the "patent" of the rhetoric to a broader range. In this paper, we have made a new explanation about Japanese metaphor from the viewpoint of cognitive pragmatics by a comparative study with the traditional rhetoric on its thinking attribute, its model frame and its cognitive function. We consider that the metaphor is not only a method of using language creatively, but also a method of recognizing, thinking and deciding

「天」に関する中国と西洋の哲学思想の衝突 : 明末清初を中心に

中西方哲学思想在"天"認識上的分岐 大航海〓代, 在葡萄牙和西班牙野心勃勃向世界各地〓求財富的〓程中, 肩負向〓教徒〓〓〓播天主教教〓的使命、活〓于〓个〓期的是1540年由〓耀拉等人〓立的耶蘇会。耶〓会士〓〓〓教使命所激励, 前往未〓〓地区熱情拓展〓教活〓。明末清初, 来到中国的耶〓会会士曾経致力于从中国的〓統思想和文化中〓〓〓天主教教〓相〓〓的内容, 但是, 他〓和中国的知〓〓〓出于各自文化〓統的原因, 很〓以〓成互相之間的理解。中西方哲学思想的分岐也反映在対"天"的〓〓上

大航海時代の南蛮通辞

大航海〓代是一个戦火紛〓、〓大名争相做着統一天下的美梦的黄金〓代、相当于日本的中世。葡萄牙人此〓登上了日本〓、随着南蛮文化、南蛮商品進入日本、拉〓了日欧文化交流的序幕。"南蛮人"最初登上日本島進行貿易、交流、〓生了〓多的事情、其中起着重要〓帯作用的則是〓史上被称之〓"南蛮通辞"的群体。南蛮通辞、作〓日本〓史上最早出現的翻訳群体、在大航海〓代、在日本的江戸〓史上写下了很〓煌的一頁。他〓〓日本引〓西方科学、先〓思想、繁〓日欧貿易做出了卓越的貢献。由此以后、日本的翻〓事〓蓬勃〓展、唐通事、荷〓〓通〓〓〓涌現、形成了一支〓大的翻〓者〓伍

The Effect of Safflower Yellow on Spinal Cord Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rabbits

Safflower yellow (SY) is the safflower extract and is the one of traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of SY on spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury (SCIRI) in rabbits. The models of spinal cord ischemia reperfusion (SI/R) were constructed, and the degree of the post-ischemic injury was assessed by means of the neurological deficit scores and plasma levels of lipid peroxidation reactioin and neuronal morphologic changes. SCIRI remarkably affected the functional activities of the hind limbs and activated lipid peroxidation reaction. SY could attenuate apoptosis and SCIRI by enhancing Bcl-2 expression and inhibiting Bax and caspase-3 activation